INTRODUCTION TO MENOPAUSE Menopause is a natural process experienced by the majority of women and some people who are transgender or non-binary. It marks the end of menstrual cycles and is diagnosed after 12 consecutive months without a period. However, the experience of menopause is best understood as a transition rather than a one-off event, as symptoms can span several years and vary widely between individuals. Perimenopause: The Lead-Up Phase Perimenopause is the phase leading up to menopause, when hormone levels, particularly estrogen begins to fluctuate. This stage can start as early as the mid-30s or as late as the late 40s and may last for several years. Common symptoms during perimenopause include irregular periods, mood changes, sleep disturbances, and hot flushes. Because symptoms can begin well before menopause is officially diagnosed, it’s important not to make assumptions about who may be experiencing this transition. Instead, we should foster a workplace culture where individuals feel safe to speak up and seek support from their leaders or colleagues.
Menopause: The Transition Menopause typically occurs between the ages of 45 and 55 , though some individuals may experience early menopause due to genetics, medical conditions, or treatments such as chemotherapy or surgery. As estrogen levels decline, symptoms such as hot flushes, night sweats, fatigue, and cognitive changes may arise. Post-Menopause: Life After Menopause Post-menopause refers to the years following menopause. While some symptoms may ease, others such as changes in bone density or cardiovascular health may become more prominent. Ongoing support and awareness remain important during this phase to ensure wellbeing and access to appropriate healthcare.
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What are the symptoms? People who are going through peri-menopause and menopause may experience a wide range of physical and psychological symptoms. These may include:
• Hot flushes, sweating and chills • Insomnia or sleep disturbance • Irregular periods and/or heavy periods • Anxiety, depression, panic attacks, and/or loss of confidence • Fatigue • Headaches • Mood disturbance and/or irritability • Memory loss, brain fog and/or difficulty concentrating • Muscle/joint aches and stiffness • Skin changes – dryness, itchiness, sensitivity and unusual sensations • Over-active bladder • Recurrent urinary tract infections including cystitis • Heart palpitations
Please note that there are approximately 34 recognised symptoms of menopause, with sources suggesting there could be over 100 possible symptoms experienced by individuals. Therefore, each person’s experience is personal and symptoms will vary in duration, severity and impact.
Disclaimer: This toolkit is intended for general awareness and educational purposes only. It does not provide medical, psychological, or health advice and should not be used to diagnose any condition. If you would like support for your wellbeing, please seek guidance from a qualified healthcare professional.
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Menopause Support Toolkit
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